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Piles

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       Piles are known as Haemorrhoids. Piles are cushions of submucosal tissue containing venules, arterioles and smooth muscle located in anal canal (piles are dilated and inflamed veins in the anal canal).

Piles are swollen and inflamed veins in the wall of your rectum and anus caused due to increased pressure.

Symptoms include swelling/mass in the anal region, bleeding per rectum while passing stools, pain if haemorroids are thrombosed.

Causes:

1. Chronic constipation, passing hard stools, pregnancy, overweight.
2. Treatment includes conservative and surgical management

CONSERVATIVE MANAGEMENT:

1. High fibrediet
2. Plenty of oral fluids
3. Laxatives
4. Stool softeners
5. Sitz bath(sitting in tub of warm water for 3 times a day)  helps to decrease pain, itching.
6. Local application of ointments
7. Avoid straining

SURGICAL MANAGEMENT:

1. Sclerotherapy:It involves injection of a chemical solution in to the area around each haemorrhoid most commonly used chemicals are polidacanol. This procedure damages the blood vessels feeding the haemorrhoid
2. Banding : It is an out patient procedure done under anaesthesia. In this procedure anoscope is introduced ligature is passed through anoscope and one or two rubber bands are placed at the base of haemorrhoids to constrict blood flow.

CRYOSURGERY

1. Infrared coagulation
2. Open surgery-haemorrhoidectomy
3. Latest techniques include lazerhaemorrhoidectomy and stapler hemorrhoidectomy

PREPARATION FOR SURGERY:

The day before procedure laxatives to be taken. Nil by mouth 6 hours before surgery. Enema if needed is given.

PREVENTIONS:

1. Taking high fiber diet which includes lots of veggies, plenty of oral fluids.
2. Avoiding straining of stools.
3. Take 2 glasses of water with empty stomach before passing stools
4. Exercise