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Rise in trends in infertility know what causes it

Infertility is  failure to conceive within one or more years of regular unprotected coitus.

Types of infertility

1. Primary Infertility- Patients who never conceived
2. Second Infertility - Patient previously had pregnancy but failed to conceive subsequently.

Cause of Infertility in women:

1. Ovulation disorder
2. Luteal phase defect
3. Anamolies of the uterus
4. Damage to fallopian tubes
5. Implantation failure
6. Endometriosis
7. Tubectomy

Causes of Infertility in men

1. Cryptorchidism
2. Anorchism
3. Thyroid disorder
4. Acquired infections
5. Hormonal disorder
6. Sperm production abnormalities
7. Genetic conditions

Diagnosis of infertility in men

1. Medical and sexual history of partners - Tests include semen analysis , hormone testing.
2. Ultrasoundabdomen,TRUS,Doppler of scrotum,Genetictesting,testicular biopsy.

Diagnosis of infertility in women

1. Medical and sexual history of partners
2. Ovulation and ovarian reserve testing
3. Hysterosalpingogram
4. Transvaginal ultrasound
5. Hormone testing
6. Hysteroscopy, laparoscopy
7. Genetic testing

Treatment of female infertility

1. Treat the underlying cause
2. Ovulation induction
3. Tubal surgeries
4. Myomectomy if fibroids are present
5. Transvaginal USG aspiration to retrieve eggs.

Treatment of male infertility

1. Treat the underlying cause
2. Varicocele Surgery
3. Vasovasostomy, vasoepididymostomy
4. TURED - Trans urethral resection of ejaculatory duct
5. TESA - Testicular sperm aspiration to extract sperm

Assisted reproductive technique

IVF -Invitrofertilistation of egg in lab

IUI - Intra uterine insemination- Transfer of sperms into women uterus

ICSI - Intracytoplasmic injection

Storage of eggs and sperms for later use(Vitrification)